current index collection 80strips. The reaction description is only used for knowledge query and material relationship understanding.
inorganic · redoxWater formation
Water formation2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
Applicable situations: Energy input can trigger a reaction
Hydrogen is oxidized and oxygen is reduced; the balance coefficient expresses the quantity relationship of substances, not the reaction rate.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · ElectrochemistryWater electrolysis
Water electrolysis2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂
Applicable situations: electrolysis process
The total reaction summarizes hydrogen evolution at the cathode and oxygen evolution at the anode. The actual electrolysis voltage is affected by overpotential and resistance.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · decompositionHydrogen peroxide decomposition
Hydrogen peroxide decomposition2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂
Applicable situations: can be accelerated by catalysis
Oxygen disproportionation occurs in the same reaction; the equation does not represent storage stability.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · redoxAmmonia oxidation
Ammonia oxidation4NH₃ + 5O₂ → 4NO + 6H₂O
Applicable situations: catalytic oxidation pathway
This general formula describes a one-step reaction in the nitric acid industry, and the product selectivity depends on the catalytic system.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · redoxNitric oxide oxidation
Nitric oxide oxidation2NO + O₂ → 2NO₂
Applicable situations: Oxygen-containing environment
The oxidation state of nitrogen increases from positive divalent to positive tetravalent, which is related to the chemistry of atmospheric nitrogen oxides.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · BalanceNitrogen dioxide dimerization
Nitrogen dioxide dimerization2NO₂ ⇌ N₂O₄
Applicable situations: gas phase temperature dependent equilibrium
dimerization reduces the number of molecules, and the system composition changes with temperature and pressure.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · redoxNitrogen dioxide absorption
Nitrogen dioxide absorption4NO₂ + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4HNO₃
Applicable situations: Total quantitative formula for oxygenated water phase absorption
This is a net material relationship for a multi-step process and cannot be used as a substitute for mass transfer and kinetic models.
The coordinates of
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · redoxMagnesium oxide formation
Magnesium oxide formation2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
Applicable situations: oxidation process
Magnesium loses electrons to form a positive divalent state, and the oxide is used in refractory material research.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · redoxAluminum oxide formation
Aluminum oxide formation4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃
Applicable situations: surface oxidation
aluminum surface oxide film can inhibit further corrosion, and the actual film structure is related to the environment.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · redoxIron oxide formation
Iron oxide formation4Fe + 3O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃
Applicable situations: idealized oxidation final state
Iron corrosion products usually contain a variety of oxides and hydrated phases. This formula only describes the composition of iron oxide.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · redoxMagnetite formation
Magnetite formation3Fe + 2O₂ → Fe₃O₄
Applicable situations: specific oxidation conditions
Magnetite contains iron in different valence states, which is different from a single positive trivalent oxide.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · redoxCopper oxide formation
Copper oxide formation2Cu + O₂ → 2CuO
Applicable situations: Oxidation of copper
The product phase of copper is controlled by the environment. This formula expresses the ideal measurement relationship of copper oxide.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · redoxZinc oxide formation
Zinc oxide formation2Zn + O₂ → 2ZnO
Applicable situations: oxidation system
Zinc oxide is an amphoteric oxide and a common semiconductor material.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · redoxComplete carbon oxidation
Complete carbon oxidationC + O₂ → CO₂
Applicable situations: Ideal final state with sufficient oxygen supply
Combustion heat calculation also requires phase state and reaction enthalpy data.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · redoxCarbon monoxide oxidation
Carbon monoxide oxidation2CO + O₂ → 2CO₂
Applicable situations: Oxidation or catalytic purification
The carbon in carbon monoxide is further oxidized; it only provides reaction relationships and is not used as operating guidance.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · BalanceBoudouard equilibrium
Boudouard equilibriumCO₂ + C ⇌ 2CO
Applicable situations: High temperature equilibrium of carbon and carbon oxides
is used to understand gasification and metallurgical systems, and the equilibrium position changes according to temperature.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · decompositionLimestone calcination
Limestone calcinationCaCO₃ ⇌ CaO + CO₂
Applicable situations: Thermal decomposition is related to carbon dioxide partial pressure
This reaction is an important basis for material accounting in the cement and lime industry.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · synthesis
TheLime hydration
Lime hydrationCaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂
Applicable situations: Hydration
The hydration process releases heat, and the actual process includes solid-liquid contact and heat transfer.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationLime carbonation
Lime carbonationCa(OH)₂ + CO₂ → CaCO₃ + H₂O
Applicable situations: alkaline aqueous phase
The amount of carbon dioxide and the pH of the solution will affect the carbonate and bicarbonate distribution.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · BalanceCarbonate dissolution
Carbonate dissolutionCaCO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O ⇌ Ca(HCO₃)₂
Applicable situations: Aqueous phase containing carbon dioxide
This molecular formula expresses the net metering relationship, and the aqueous solution actually contains dissociated ions.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · decompositionSodium bicarbonate decomposition
Sodium bicarbonate decomposition2NaHCO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O
Applicable situations: decomposes when heated
Bicarbonate releases gas and the solid residual composition is related to process conditions.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · acid-baseAcid-base neutralization
Acid-base neutralizationHCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
Applicable situations: dilute aqueous solution
The net ionic process of strong acids and strong bases is the formation of water by hydrogen ions and hydroxyl radicals.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · acid-baseSulfuric acid neutralization
Sulfuric acid neutralizationH₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
Applicable situations: completely neutralized metering
Sulfuric acid has two ionizable protons, and partial neutralization will result in different salt compositions.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · acid-basePhosphoric acid neutralization
Phosphoric acid neutralizationH₃PO₄ + 3NaOH → Na₃PO₄ + 3H₂O
Applicable situations: Completely neutralized form metering
Actual aqueous phase distribution of phosphate must combine third-order dissociation equilibrium with pH.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · acid-baseCarbonate acid reaction
Carbonate acid reactionNa₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + CO₂ + H₂O
Applicable situations: acidic aqueous phase
The carbonic acid system releases carbon dioxide, and the reaction measurement is related to the alkalinity of the carbonate.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · replacementIron-copper displacement
Iron-copper displacementFe + CuSO₄ → FeSO₄ + Cu
Applicable situations: aqueous redox
Iron is oxidized and copper ions are reduced; the potential also depends on the ion activity.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · replacementZinc-copper displacement
Zinc-copper displacementZn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu
Applicable situations: aqueous redox
This total reaction can also be used to understand the net metering relationship for Daniel batteries.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationSilver chloride precipitation
Silver chloride precipitationAgNO₃ + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO₃
Applicable situations: aqueous solution
Precipitation requires the ion product to exceed the corresponding solubility product.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationBarium sulfate precipitation
Barium sulfate precipitationBaCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + 2NaCl
Applicable situations: aqueous solution
Low solubility barium sulfate can be used to understand gravimetric analysis and solubility products.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationCalcium carbonate precipitation
Calcium carbonate precipitationCaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ → CaCO₃ + 2NaCl
Applicable situations: aqueous solution
crystal form and precipitation morphology require additional description of the crystallization conditions.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationCopper hydroxide precipitation
Copper hydroxide precipitationCuSO₄ + 2NaOH → Cu(OH)₂ + Na₂SO₄
Applicable situations: alkaline aqueous phase
Free copper ion concentration is affected by the balance of complexation and precipitation.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationIron hydroxide precipitation
Iron hydroxide precipitationFeCl₃ + 3NaOH → Fe(OH)₃ + 3NaCl
Applicable situations: alkaline aqueous phase
The actual precipitate may contain hydrated iron oxide with a colloidal structure.
The actual composition of
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationMagnesium hydroxide precipitation
Magnesium hydroxide precipitationMgCl₂ + 2NaOH → Mg(OH)₂ + 2NaCl
Applicable situations: alkaline aqueous phase
is used to understand hardness removal and magnesium brine phase chemistry.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationAluminum hydroxide precipitation
Aluminum hydroxide precipitationAlCl₃ + 3NaOH → Al(OH)₃ + 3NaCl
Applicable situations: avoids the form reaction of excessive strong base
Aluminum hydroxide is an amphoteric substance and may continue to dissolve under excessive amounts of strong alkali.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · coordinationAluminate formation
Aluminate formationAl(OH)₃ + NaOH → NaAl(OH)₄
Applicable situations: Composition representation of strong alkaline aqueous phase
Aluminum forms hydroxyl complexes; solution species are not represented by just one molecule.
The
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · decompositionCopper hydroxide decomposition
Copper hydroxide decompositionCu(OH)₂ → CuO + H₂O
Applicable situations: dehydration process
hydroxide dehydrates to form oxides, and the crystal phase properties need to be independently characterized.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · redoxIron oxide reduction
Iron oxide reductionFe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂
Applicable situations: Total amount of metallurgical reduction
Industrial reduction often passes through a variety of intermediate oxides and needs to be combined with gas-solid dynamics.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · redoxSilica reduction
Silica reductionSiO₂ + 2C → Si + 2CO
Applicable situations: High temperature metallurgical total reaction
Silicon smelting involves multiple intermediate species, and this formula is used for preliminary material balance.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · acid-baseSodium silicate formation
Sodium silicate formationSiO₂ + 2NaOH → Na₂SiO₃ + H₂O
Applicable situations: formal measurement relationship
silicates are polymerizable in solution, and their structure depends on composition and pH.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · redoxSulfur dioxide formation
Sulfur dioxide formationS + O₂ → SO₂
Applicable situations: Oxidation of sulfur
Sulfur oxides are important objects in sulfur chemical industry and atmospheric chemistry.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · BalanceSulfur trioxide equilibrium
Sulfur trioxide equilibrium2SO₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2SO₃
Applicable situations: Catalytic gas phase equilibrium
A critical step in the sulfuric acid industry where the catalyst changes the rate without changing the equilibrium constant.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · decompositionGypsum dehydration
Gypsum dehydrationCaSO₄(H₂O)₂ → CaSO₄ + 2H₂O
Applicable situations: Completely dehydrated final state
Actual dehydration can pass through an intermediate phase such as hemihydrate gypsum.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · BalanceChlorine hydrolysis
Chlorine hydrolysisCl₂ + H₂O ⇌ HCl + HClO
Applicable situations: water phase balance
The distribution of available chlorine species changes according to pH, and the disinfection effect cannot be inferred from the general formula alone.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · BalanceWater-gas shift
Water-gas shiftCO + H₂O ⇌ CO₂ + H₂
Applicable situations: catalytic gas phase system
is used to adjust the synthesis gas composition, and the temperature and steam composition affect the balanced conversion.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationCalcium phosphate precipitation
Calcium phosphate precipitation3CaCl₂ + 2Na₃PO₄ → Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 6NaCl
Applicable situations: Idealized water phase net composition
Actual calcium and phosphorus precipitation may have multiple crystal phases and different calcium to phosphorus ratios.
The
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · decompositionMagnesium carbonate decomposition
Magnesium carbonate decompositionMgCO₃ → MgO + CO₂
Applicable situations: thermal decomposition
is used to understand the transformation of magnesia material precursors into oxides.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · decompositionSilver oxide decomposition
Silver oxide decomposition2Ag₂O → 4Ag + O₂
Applicable situations: thermal decomposition
The stability of silver oxide is related to temperature and oxygen partial pressure.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · acid-basePotassium hydroxide neutralization
Potassium hydroxide neutralizationKOH + HCl → KCl + H₂O
Applicable situations: dilute aqueous solution
Strong electrolyte reactions need to be accurately balanced based on actual ion activity analysis.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · acid-baseLithium carbonate dissolution
Lithium carbonate dissolutionLi₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2LiCl + CO₂ + H₂O
Applicable situations: acidic aqueous phase
The total quantitative relationship between lithium carbonate and soluble lithium salt.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗Organic · redoxMethane combustion
Methane combustionCH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O
Applicable situations: The ideal final state of complete oxidation
is used for natural gas combustion material balance. Actual combustion also needs to consider incomplete combustion and heat transfer.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · redoxEthane combustion
Ethane combustion2C₂H₆ + 7O₂ → 4CO₂ + 6H₂O
Applicable situations: completely oxidized
balance coefficient gives the theoretical oxygen demand and product quantity.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · redoxPropane combustion
Propane combustionC₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O
Applicable situations: completely oxidized
The stoichiometric air volume must also be converted according to the oxygen content of the air.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · redoxEthanol combustion
Ethanol combustionC₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O
Applicable situations: completely oxidized
The reaction enthalpy must indicate the phase state of ethanol and water.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · redoxMethanol combustion
Methanol combustion2CH₃OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 4H₂O
Applicable situations: completely oxidized
The oxygen in methanol has participated in the molecular composition, and the theoretical oxygen demand is different from that of hydrocarbons.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · Biochemistry
TheGlucose respiration
Glucose respirationC₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
Applicable situations: Total cell metabolism count
Real Breathing consists of multi-step enzymatic reactions and energy coupling processes.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · Biochemistry
ThePhotosynthesis
Photosynthesis6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Applicable situations: Light energy driven simplified clean type
This formula is a simplified representation of the carbon fixed net meter and does not represent the true source path of oxygen atoms.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · Biochemistry
TheAlcoholic fermentation
Alcoholic fermentationC₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂
Applicable situations: enzymatic metabolism pure formula
Actual fermentation will also generate biomass and by-products, and the yield relationship needs to be added.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · Biochemistry
TheLactic acid fermentation
Lactic acid fermentationC₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₃H₆O₃
Applicable situations: Ideal clean method for homolactic acid fermentation
This formula does not cover heterofermentation and other metabolic branches.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · HydrolysisSucrose hydrolysis
Sucrose hydrolysisC₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆
Applicable situations: Acid or enzyme catalyzed
are glucose and fructose respectively; the same molecular formula does not mean the same structure.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · HydrolysisMaltose hydrolysis
Maltose hydrolysisC₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O → 2C₆H₁₂O₆
Applicable situations: Acid or enzyme catalyzed
Maltose is hydrolyzed to form two glucose molecules.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · bonusEthylene hydration
Ethylene hydrationC₂H₄ + H₂O ⇌ C₂H₅OH
Applicable situations: catalytic hydration balance
Ethanol generation and reverse dehydration constitute the relevant reaction pathways.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · eliminateEthanol dehydration
Ethanol dehydrationC₂H₅OH → C₂H₄ + H₂O
Applicable situations: Acid catalytic elimination net formula
Different conditions may favor competing reactions such as etherification.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · condensationDiethyl ether formation
Diethyl ether formation2C₂H₅OH → C₂H₅OC₂H₅ + H₂O
Applicable situations: intermolecular dehydration pathway
This formula describes the formal relationship of ether formation and does not represent a single selectivity.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · esterificationEthyl acetate esterification
Ethyl acetate esterificationCH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH ⇌ CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O
Applicable situations: acid catalyzed reversible equilibrium
Carboxylic acid and alcohol produce ester and water, and the equilibrium composition is related to the activity of each component.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · esterificationMethyl acetate esterification
Methyl acetate esterificationCH₃COOH + CH₃OH ⇌ CH₃COOCH₃ + H₂O
Applicable situations: acid catalyzed reversible equilibrium
Esterification is a reversible process, and the actual reaction rate is affected by catalysis and mass transfer.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · HydrolysisEthyl acetate saponification
Ethyl acetate saponificationCH₃COOC₂H₅ + NaOH → CH₃COONa + C₂H₅OH
Applicable situations: alkaline aqueous phase
Formation of the carboxylate salt makes the reaction differ from the equilibrium behavior of acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · acid-baseAcetic acid neutralization
Acetic acid neutralizationCH₃COOH + NaOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O
Applicable situations: aqueous solution
Acetic acid is a weak acid, and the neutralization curve is affected by dissociation equilibrium.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · redoxEthanol oxidation to ethanal
Ethanol oxidation to ethanal2C₂H₅OH + O₂ → 2CH₃CHO + 2H₂O
Applicable situations: Selective Oxidation Clean Type
can be further oxidized to generate acetic acid, and the selectivity of the product depends on the reaction system.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · redoxEthanal oxidation
Ethanal oxidation2CH₃CHO + O₂ → 2CH₃COOH
Applicable situations: oxidation clean type
Aldehyde functional group is converted into carboxylic acid functional group.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · bonusAcetone reduction
Acetone reductionCH₃COCH₃ + H₂ → CH₃CHOHCH₃
Applicable situations: Catalytic reduction
The ketone carbonyl group is reduced to form a secondary alcohol.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · bonusEthanal reduction
Ethanal reductionCH₃CHO + H₂ → C₂H₅OH
Applicable situations: Catalytic reduction
The aldehyde carbonyl group is reduced to form a primary alcohol.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · acid-baseAcetic acid and bicarbonate
Acetic acid and bicarbonateCH₃COOH + NaHCO₃ → CH₃COONa + CO₂ + H₂O
Applicable situations: water phase neutralization
The carbonic acid system releases carbon dioxide, and the acid-base balance drives the net reaction.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · redoxMethane steam reforming
Methane steam reformingCH₄ + H₂O ⇌ CO + 3H₂
Applicable situations: industrial catalytic balance
is also affected by competitive processes such as water-gas shift and carbon deposition.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · synthesis
TheMethanol synthesis
Methanol synthesisCO + 2H₂ ⇌ CH₃OH
Applicable situations: catalytic equilibrium system
This is a simplified net formula for producing methanol from syngas, and carbon dioxide can also participate in the actual network.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · synthesis
TheCarbon dioxide hydrogenation
Carbon dioxide hydrogenationCO₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ CH₃OH + H₂O
Applicable situations: catalytic equilibrium system
reaction is affected by thermodynamic equilibrium and competing side reactions.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · condensationGlycine condensation
Glycine condensation2C₂H₅NO₂ → C₄H₈N₂O₃ + H₂O
Applicable situations: forms the net formula of glycylglycine
does not mean that free amino acids will spontaneously and efficiently form peptide bonds in ordinary aqueous solutions.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · HydrolysisUrea hydrolysis
Urea hydrolysisCH₄N₂O + H₂O → 2NH₃ + CO₂
Applicable situations: Simplified general formula of enzyme catalysis
The actual ratio of ammonium ions and bicarbonate in the aqueous phase depends on pH.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · HydrolysisAcid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis
Acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysisCH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O ⇌ CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH
Applicable situations: acid catalytic equilibrium
and esterification are reverse processes of each other, and the final composition cannot be judged just by the reaction arrow.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · HydrolysisAcetic anhydride hydrolysis
Acetic anhydride hydrolysisC₄H₆O₃ + H₂O → 2CH₃COOH
Applicable situations: acyl substitution net formula
The acid anhydride reacts with water to generate the corresponding carboxylic acid.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · acid-baseBenzoic acid neutralization
Benzoic acid neutralizationC₆H₅COOH + NaOH → C₆H₅COONa + H₂O
Applicable situations: Aqueous phase acid-base reaction
Carboxylic acid is converted into carboxylate, solubility and ionization degree change with pH.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗