THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF EVERYTHING

Chemical Elements

Understand the myriad changes in matter from one atom.

118 chemical elements 87reaction equation free query · traceable source

currently contains 118 elements and selected inorganic and organic reactions. The number of known chemical reactions continues to grow, and this library is not an exhaustive database of all known reactions.

Go to chemical equation query ↓

match 118/ 118 elements · Click on the element to view information · Small screen can scroll horizontally in the table

123456789101112131415161718
periodic table of elements PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS118 elements · 18 groups · 7 periods
Lanthanide series 57–71 Actinide series 89–103
Other non-metalsrare gasAlkali metalalkaline earth metalsmetalloid TheHalogen Thepost-transition metaltransition metalLanthanide seriesActinium series
6CCarbon
ELEMENT PROFILE

Carbon Carbon

exists in allotropes such as diamond and graphite and is a skeleton element in organic chemistry.

complete element information and related equations ↗
atomic number / Atomic number
6
atomic weight / Atomic mass
12.011 u
Family/Group
14
Period · Block / Period · Block
2 · p
Category / Category
Other non-metals · Nonmetal
State / State
solid state
Electron configuration
[He]2s2 2p2
Oxidation states / Oxidation states
+4, +2, -4
Electronegativity / Electronegativity
2.55(Pauling)
Density / Density
2.2670 g/cm³
Melting point / Melting point
3823 K
Boiling point / Boiling point
4098 K
Atomic radius / Atomic radius
170 pm(van der Waals)
First ionization energy
11.260 eV
Discovery year / Discovery
Ancient

How to read the periodic table of elements

The atomic number is equal to the number of protons and determines the identity of the element. The horizontal direction is the period and the vertical direction is the group; main group elements of the same group often have similar outermost electronic structures. The s, p, d, and f regions reflect electron filling and orbital types; this table places the lanthanide series and the actinide series independently for easier reading. The boundaries between the third group and the f region have different conventions in different tables.

Oxidation state is a formal charge accounting tool and is not equivalent to the true charge of the atom. The determination of valence electrons in transition metals depends on the bonding context, so this library provides electron configurations and oxidation states without compressing valence electrons into a single value that is easy to misuse.

properties taken from PubChem periodic table snapshot (2026-10-04). Atomic weights may be reference values ​​or representative isotope masses and cannot be considered exact constants for all samples; density, phase transition points, and phase states depend on temperature, pressure, and allotropes. The solidification of helium requires pressure. Some properties of radioactive and superheavy elements are predicted values, and missing items are marked as not included. Please check the original source and experimental conditions for precise calculations.

data source: NCBI PubChem Periodic Table ↗ ; table position reference Periodic Table JSON(MIT)↗. Response instructions are compiled independently, and links to teaching materials are used for extended checking.

REACTION ATLAS

Inorganic and organic chemical equations

87balanced reactions · Browse element associations by atomic number

found 87reactions, display 18strips.

All modes are grouped by the element with the smallest atomic number in each reaction; select any element to find all reactions involving it. Equations only express stoichiometry and concepts, not experimental operation recipes.

01 · Hydrogen H Hydrogen

inorganic · redox

Water formation

Water formation
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

Applicable situations: Energy input can trigger a reaction

Hydrogen is oxidized and oxygen is reduced; the balance coefficient expresses the quantity relationship of substances, not the reaction rate.

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗
inorganic · Electrochemistry

Water electrolysis

Water electrolysis
2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂

Applicable situations: electrolysis process

The total reaction summarizes hydrogen evolution at the cathode and oxygen evolution at the anode. The actual electrolysis voltage is affected by overpotential and resistance.

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗
inorganic · decomposition

Hydrogen peroxide decomposition

Hydrogen peroxide decomposition
2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂

Applicable situations: can be accelerated by catalysis

Oxygen disproportionation occurs in the same reaction; the equation does not represent storage stability.

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗
inorganic · synthesis The

Ammonia synthesis

Ammonia synthesis
N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃

Applicable situations: Industrial Catalytic Balance System

The reaction is jointly controlled by temperature, pressure and equilibrium composition, and is the basis for material balance of ammonia synthesis. The

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗
inorganic · redox

Ammonia oxidation

Ammonia oxidation
4NH₃ + 5O₂ → 4NO + 6H₂O

Applicable situations: catalytic oxidation pathway

This general formula describes a one-step reaction in the nitric acid industry, and the product selectivity depends on the catalytic system.

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗
inorganic · redox

Nitrogen dioxide absorption

Nitrogen dioxide absorption
4NO₂ + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4HNO₃

Applicable situations: Total quantitative formula for oxygenated water phase absorption

This is a net material relationship for a multi-step process and cannot be used as a substitute for mass transfer and kinetic models. The coordinates of

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗

06 · Carbon C Carbon

inorganic · redox

Complete carbon oxidation

Complete carbon oxidation
C + O₂ → CO₂

Applicable situations: Ideal final state with sufficient oxygen supply

Combustion heat calculation also requires phase state and reaction enthalpy data.

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗
inorganic · redox

Carbon monoxide oxidation

Carbon monoxide oxidation
2CO + O₂ → 2CO₂

Applicable situations: Oxidation or catalytic purification

The carbon in carbon monoxide is further oxidized; it only provides reaction relationships and is not used as operating guidance.

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗
inorganic · Balance

Boudouard equilibrium

Boudouard equilibrium
CO₂ + C ⇌ 2CO

Applicable situations: High temperature equilibrium of carbon and carbon oxides

is used to understand gasification and metallurgical systems, and the equilibrium position changes according to temperature.

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗
inorganic · decomposition

Limestone calcination

Limestone calcination
CaCO₃ ⇌ CaO + CO₂

Applicable situations: Thermal decomposition is related to carbon dioxide partial pressure

This reaction is an important basis for material accounting in the cement and lime industry.

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗

07 · Nitrogen N Nitrogen

inorganic · redox

Nitric oxide oxidation

Nitric oxide oxidation
2NO + O₂ → 2NO₂

Applicable situations: Oxygen-containing environment

The oxidation state of nitrogen increases from positive divalent to positive tetravalent, which is related to the chemistry of atmospheric nitrogen oxides.

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗
inorganic · Balance

Nitrogen dioxide dimerization

Nitrogen dioxide dimerization
2NO₂ ⇌ N₂O₄

Applicable situations: gas phase temperature dependent equilibrium

dimerization reduces the number of molecules, and the system composition changes with temperature and pressure.

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗

08 · Oxygen O Oxygen

inorganic · redox

Magnesium oxide formation

Magnesium oxide formation
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO

Applicable situations: oxidation process

Magnesium loses electrons to form a positive divalent state, and the oxide is used in refractory material research.

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗
inorganic · redox

Aluminum oxide formation

Aluminum oxide formation
4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃

Applicable situations: surface oxidation

aluminum surface oxide film can inhibit further corrosion, and the actual film structure is related to the environment.

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗
inorganic · redox

Iron oxide formation

Iron oxide formation
4Fe + 3O₂ → 2Fe₂O₃

Applicable situations: idealized oxidation final state

Iron corrosion products usually contain a variety of oxides and hydrated phases. This formula only describes the composition of iron oxide.

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗
inorganic · redox

Magnetite formation

Magnetite formation
3Fe + 2O₂ → Fe₃O₄

Applicable situations: specific oxidation conditions

Magnetite contains iron in different valence states, which is different from a single positive trivalent oxide.

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗
inorganic · redox

Copper oxide formation

Copper oxide formation
2Cu + O₂ → 2CuO

Applicable situations: Oxidation of copper

The product phase of copper is controlled by the environment. This formula expresses the ideal measurement relationship of copper oxide.

Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗

All element data index