contains 206 terms · This page displays 26 terms, you can enter keywords to query the complete range
Chemical Engineering液液平衡液液平衡描述两种液相共存时组分化学势相等的状态，常出现在部分互溶体系。两相比例和组成需要结合平衡关系与总物料衡算求解。
Liquid–liquid equilibrium describes coexisting liquid phases with equal species chemical potentials, often in partially miscible mixtures. Phase amounts and compositions require equilibrium relations and overall balances.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 泡点是在给定组成和压力下液体开始产生第一泡气体的温度，也可定义为给定温度下的压力。必须说明计算的是温度还是压力。
The bubble point is the temperature at which a liquid of specified composition first forms vapor at fixed pressure, or the corresponding pressure at fixed temperature. The calculation basis must be stated.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 露点压力是在给定温度和气相组成下首次形成液滴的压力。液滴组成通常不同于原气体，因此不能把两者的摩尔分数直接视为相同。
Dew-point pressure is the pressure at which the first liquid forms from a vapor of given composition at fixed temperature. The incipient liquid composition generally differs from the original vapor.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 拉乌尔定律在理想液相等假设下将组分分压表示为液相摩尔分数乘纯组分饱和蒸气压。强非理想混合物需采用活度或其他修正。
Raoult's law relates a component's partial pressure to liquid mole fraction times pure-component saturation pressure under ideal-solution assumptions. Strongly nonideal mixtures require activity or other corrections.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 间歇反应器在一个反应批次中通常不连续进出主要反应物，组分随时间变化。搅拌和传热条件决定是否可采用均匀温度和组成近似。
A batch reactor usually has no continuous main-reactant feed or withdrawal during a run, so composition evolves with time. Mixing and heat transfer determine whether uniform-state approximations are valid.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 理想全混流反应器假设内部组成和温度均匀，出口与槽内相同。实际混合不充分、死区和传热限制可能使预测偏离该理想模型。
An ideal CSTR assumes uniform internal composition and temperature, with the outlet matching the tank. Incomplete mixing, dead zones and heat-transfer limits can cause departures from the ideal prediction.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 平推流模型假设流体沿轴向前进而无轴向返混，截面内均匀。反应程度沿位置变化；真实装置的弥散和径向梯度需要额外处理。
The plug-flow model assumes axial transport without axial backmixing and uniform cross sections. Reaction progress varies with position, while real dispersion and radial gradients require additional treatment.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 停留时间分布描述不同流体微团从进入到离开设备所需时间的概率分布，常用示踪试验估算。它比单一平均停留时间包含更多混合信息。
A residence-time distribution describes the distribution of travel times through a device, often estimated with tracer experiments. It conveys more mixing information than a single mean residence time.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 填充床由固定颗粒构成，流体通过颗粒间空隙流动，可用于反应、吸附或传热。压降、沟流和颗粒内扩散都会影响设备表现。
A packed bed contains stationary particles with fluid flowing through voids for reaction, adsorption or heat transfer. Pressure drop, channeling and intraparticle diffusion affect performance.
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View content license ↗ 流化床中上升流体提供的拖曳力使颗粒形成类似流体的运动状态。最小流化、夹带和气泡结构由颗粒与流体性质及流速共同决定。
A fluidized bed uses upward fluid drag to mobilize particles into a fluidlike state. Minimum fluidization, entrainment and bubbles depend on particle properties, fluid properties and velocity.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 膜分离利用选择性屏障在压力、浓度或电势驱动下分离组分。通量和选择性受到膜性质、污染、浓差极化及操作条件影响。
Membrane separation uses a selective barrier under pressure, concentration or electrical driving forces. Flux and selectivity depend on membrane properties, fouling, concentration polarization and operating conditions.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 超滤通常按尺寸排阻保留胶体和大分子，截留分子量是依测试条件定义的指标。它不等于精确孔径，也不能保证所有小溶质被完全去除。
Ultrafiltration generally retains colloids and macromolecules by size exclusion. Molecular-weight cutoff is a test-dependent rating, not an exact pore size or a guarantee of complete small-solute removal.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 微滤通过较细多孔膜分离悬浮颗粒及部分微生物，性能依孔径分布、完整性和工况而变。它通常不用于去除溶解盐。
Microfiltration separates suspended particles and some microorganisms through porous membranes. Performance depends on pore distribution, integrity and conditions, and it generally does not remove dissolved salts.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 纳滤介于常规超滤和反渗透的部分性能范围，可同时受尺寸和电荷排斥影响。对不同离子的截留不能只用单一孔径解释。
Nanofiltration exhibits separation behavior influenced by both size and charge, between some ultrafiltration and reverse-osmosis regimes. Rejection of different ions cannot be explained by a single pore size alone.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 电渗析在电场驱动下利用离子交换膜转移离子，适用于部分脱盐与组分分离。浓差极化、水迁移和极限电流会限制操作范围。
Electrodialysis transfers ions through ion-exchange membranes under an electric field for desalting and separation. Concentration polarization, water transport and limiting current constrain operation.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 渗透汽化让液体混合物中的组分选择性透过膜并在低分压侧汽化。分离由膜溶解扩散性质和相变共同决定，能量需求不能忽略。
Pervaporation selectively transports components from a liquid mixture through a membrane and vaporizes them on a low-partial-pressure side. Sorption, diffusion and phase change determine separation and energy demand.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 浓差极化是在膜表面附近形成不同于主体流体的组分浓度层，可能降低有效驱动力或增加结垢。它与不可逆膜污染需要区分。
Concentration polarization is a near-membrane concentration layer differing from the bulk fluid. It can reduce driving force or promote scaling and should be distinguished from irreversible membrane fouling.
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View content license ↗ 离子交换利用固相带电位点与溶液离子进行可逆交换，常用于软化和纯化。交换容量、选择性、竞争离子和再生条件共同影响性能。
Ion exchange reversibly exchanges solution ions with charged sites on a solid, often for softening or purification. Capacity, selectivity, competing ions and regeneration conditions govern performance.
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View content license ↗ 吸附是物质在界面上的富集，与进入另一相体内的吸收不同。吸附等温线描述特定温度下的平衡关系，并不直接给出达到平衡的速度。
Adsorption is accumulation at an interface, distinct from absorption into a bulk phase. An adsorption isotherm describes equilibrium at a fixed temperature but does not directly specify equilibration speed.
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View content license ↗ 解吸是已吸附物质离开表面的过程，可由温度、压力或组成变化驱动。再生是否完全取决于结合强度、传质和材料稳定性。
Desorption releases adsorbed material from a surface and may be driven by temperature, pressure or composition changes. Complete regeneration depends on binding strength, mass transfer and material stability.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 相界面传质描述组分跨越两相界面的输送，驱动力可用偏离相平衡的浓度或化学势差表示。总传质阻力可能分布在两侧边界层。
Interphase mass transfer transports a species across a phase boundary, driven by deviations from equilibrium concentration or chemical potential. Overall resistance may be distributed across boundary layers on both sides.
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View content license ↗ 传热系数把界面热流密度与选定温差联系起来，受流动、物性和几何影响。局部系数、平均系数与总传热系数的定义需区分。
A heat-transfer coefficient relates interfacial heat flux to a specified temperature difference and depends on flow, properties and geometry. Local, average and overall coefficients have distinct definitions.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 总传热系数把对流、壁面导热与污垢等串联热阻合并，用于换热器热负荷计算。以内面积还是外面积为基准会改变其数值。
An overall heat-transfer coefficient combines convection, wall conduction and fouling resistances for exchanger calculations. Its numerical value depends on whether inner or outer area is the reference.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 最小回流比是给定分离目标和进料条件下理想精馏所需回流比的下限，此时理论级数趋于很大。它不是实际经济最优操作点。
Minimum reflux ratio is the ideal lower reflux bound for a specified separation and feed condition, approached with very many theoretical stages. It is not the practical economic optimum.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
View content license ↗ 理论级是出口两相达到平衡的理想接触单元，用于计算分离难度。实际塔板或填料高度需要效率和传质模型换算。
A theoretical stage is an ideal contacting unit whose outgoing phases reach equilibrium. Actual trays or packing height require efficiencies or mass-transfer models to translate ideal stage counts into equipment.
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View content license ↗ 全回流指精馏系统不连续采出产品、冷凝物流全部返回塔内的极限操作状态，常用于分析最少理论级数。它不代表正常生产能力。
Total reflux is a limiting distillation condition with no continuous product withdrawal and all condensate returned. It is used to analyze minimum ideal stages rather than normal production throughput.
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SciAtlas original bilingual definition · Edited2026-10-04 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Further-reading links provide context; the definition is original and does not assert that the linked page was retrieved or checked.For concept reference; consult the original standards for authoritative requirements.
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