Science and Technology Figures

establishes Darcy's law through porous media flow experiments, providing basic relationships for groundwater, filtration and reservoir engineering.

promotes the development of electrical geophysics and electrical logging; its work belongs to the historical foundation of modern well logging.

has made fundamental contributions in least squares, number theory and geomagnetism, affecting orbit estimation, measurement and calculations.

Important founder of classical mechanics and the theory of gravity; these theories form the basis for modeling orbital and mechanical systems.

systematically studies rocket motion and aerospace propulsion. The relationship between rocket mass ratio and velocity increment is an important theoretical legacy.

Founder of SpaceX, participates in the company's commercial and technical leadership; specific products are jointly developed by a multi-professional team.

Founder of Rocket Lab, plays a leading role in the industrialization of commercial small launch and aerospace systems.

made extensive contributions to mechanics, differential equations and number theory, and Euler buckling and rigid body dynamics are still used in engineering teaching.

develops heat conduction theory and Fourier analysis, and establishes mathematical tools for heat transfer, spectral analysis and imaging calculations.

proposed the crystal diffraction relationship, developed X-ray crystal structure analysis with his father, and won the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Pioneer in the development of electron microscopes, he won the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work related to electron optics and the design of the first electron microscope. The short wavelength of

won the 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for developing sample vitrification methods in cryogenic electron microscopy.

developed a single-particle electron microscopy image processing method and won the 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

made important contributions to protein and nucleic acid sequence analysis and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry twice.

worked with Maud Menten to establish classical enzyme kinetic relationships, influencing biochemical and pharmacokinetic saturation analyses.

, a biochemistry and medical researcher, worked with Michaelis to study the relationship between enzyme catalytic rate and substrate concentration.

An important promoter of population pharmacokinetics and pharmacometrics, involved in the development of NONMEM methods and software.

is the founder of information theory and studies the mathematical theory of information measurement, channel capacity and security systems.

and Martin Hellman promote the development of public-key cryptography and key exchange ideas.

An important pioneer in public-key cryptography, whose work with Diffie influenced modern secure communications.

studies microbial growth and gene regulation; the Monod growth relationship is a commonly used empirical model in culture engineering.

has made important contributions to research on fermentation, microorganisms and diseases, promoting the scientific understanding of microbial processes.

An early founder of chromatographic separation methods, using differences in adsorption to separate plant pigments.

made important contributions to electrospray mass spectrometry technology for biological macromolecules and won the 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

is a quantum electrodynamics researcher who proposed the important idea of ​​using quantum systems to simulate physical processes. The

proposed quantum factoring algorithm and important quantum error correction work, connecting quantum computing and cryptography.

is a pioneer in quantum computing theory, researching universal quantum computing models and quantum algorithms.

Founder of Wolfram Research and the main founding designer of Mathematica, promoting the industrialization of symbolic computing software.

Founder of MATLAB, he has been engaged in numerical linear algebra and calculation software research for a long time. The

Develop evaporation estimation methods that combine energy balance with aerodynamic processes.

studies crop microclimate and surface energy exchange, and his work contributed to the development of the Penman–Monteith evapotranspiration model. The

One of the key pioneers of modern drip irrigation technology, whose work is historically linked to the early development of Netafim.

develops Kalman filtering and modern control theory to provide basic methods for navigation, state estimation and process control.