current index collection 19strips. The reaction description is only used for knowledge query and material relationship understanding.
inorganic · decompositionSodium bicarbonate decomposition
Sodium bicarbonate decomposition2NaHCO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O
Applicable situations: decomposes when heated
Bicarbonate releases gas and the solid residual composition is related to process conditions.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · acid-baseAcid-base neutralization
Acid-base neutralizationHCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
Applicable situations: dilute aqueous solution
The net ionic process of strong acids and strong bases is the formation of water by hydrogen ions and hydroxyl radicals.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · acid-baseSulfuric acid neutralization
Sulfuric acid neutralizationH₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
Applicable situations: completely neutralized metering
Sulfuric acid has two ionizable protons, and partial neutralization will result in different salt compositions.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · acid-basePhosphoric acid neutralization
Phosphoric acid neutralizationH₃PO₄ + 3NaOH → Na₃PO₄ + 3H₂O
Applicable situations: Completely neutralized form metering
Actual aqueous phase distribution of phosphate must combine third-order dissociation equilibrium with pH.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · acid-baseCarbonate acid reaction
Carbonate acid reactionNa₂CO₃ + 2HCl → 2NaCl + CO₂ + H₂O
Applicable situations: acidic aqueous phase
The carbonic acid system releases carbon dioxide, and the reaction measurement is related to the alkalinity of the carbonate.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationSilver chloride precipitation
Silver chloride precipitationAgNO₃ + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO₃
Applicable situations: aqueous solution
Precipitation requires the ion product to exceed the corresponding solubility product.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationBarium sulfate precipitation
Barium sulfate precipitationBaCl₂ + Na₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + 2NaCl
Applicable situations: aqueous solution
Low solubility barium sulfate can be used to understand gravimetric analysis and solubility products.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationCalcium carbonate precipitation
Calcium carbonate precipitationCaCl₂ + Na₂CO₃ → CaCO₃ + 2NaCl
Applicable situations: aqueous solution
crystal form and precipitation morphology require additional description of the crystallization conditions.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationCopper hydroxide precipitation
Copper hydroxide precipitationCuSO₄ + 2NaOH → Cu(OH)₂ + Na₂SO₄
Applicable situations: alkaline aqueous phase
Free copper ion concentration is affected by the balance of complexation and precipitation.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationIron hydroxide precipitation
Iron hydroxide precipitationFeCl₃ + 3NaOH → Fe(OH)₃ + 3NaCl
Applicable situations: alkaline aqueous phase
The actual precipitate may contain hydrated iron oxide with a colloidal structure.
The actual composition of
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationMagnesium hydroxide precipitation
Magnesium hydroxide precipitationMgCl₂ + 2NaOH → Mg(OH)₂ + 2NaCl
Applicable situations: alkaline aqueous phase
is used to understand hardness removal and magnesium brine phase chemistry.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationAluminum hydroxide precipitation
Aluminum hydroxide precipitationAlCl₃ + 3NaOH → Al(OH)₃ + 3NaCl
Applicable situations: avoids the form reaction of excessive strong base
Aluminum hydroxide is an amphoteric substance and may continue to dissolve under excessive amounts of strong alkali.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · coordinationAluminate formation
Aluminate formationAl(OH)₃ + NaOH → NaAl(OH)₄
Applicable situations: Composition representation of strong alkaline aqueous phase
Aluminum forms hydroxyl complexes; solution species are not represented by just one molecule.
The
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · acid-baseSodium silicate formation
Sodium silicate formationSiO₂ + 2NaOH → Na₂SiO₃ + H₂O
Applicable situations: formal measurement relationship
silicates are polymerizable in solution, and their structure depends on composition and pH.
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗inorganic · precipitationCalcium phosphate precipitation
Calcium phosphate precipitation3CaCl₂ + 2Na₃PO₄ → Ca₃(PO₄)₂ + 6NaCl
Applicable situations: Idealized water phase net composition
Actual calcium and phosphorus precipitation may have multiple crystal phases and different calcium to phosphorus ratios.
The
Extended reading · OpenStax Chemistry 2e ↗Organic · HydrolysisEthyl acetate saponification
Ethyl acetate saponificationCH₃COOC₂H₅ + NaOH → CH₃COONa + C₂H₅OH
Applicable situations: alkaline aqueous phase
Formation of the carboxylate salt makes the reaction differ from the equilibrium behavior of acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · acid-baseAcetic acid neutralization
Acetic acid neutralizationCH₃COOH + NaOH → CH₃COONa + H₂O
Applicable situations: aqueous solution
Acetic acid is a weak acid, and the neutralization curve is affected by dissociation equilibrium.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · acid-baseAcetic acid and bicarbonate
Acetic acid and bicarbonateCH₃COOH + NaHCO₃ → CH₃COONa + CO₂ + H₂O
Applicable situations: water phase neutralization
The carbonic acid system releases carbon dioxide, and the acid-base balance drives the net reaction.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗Organic · acid-baseBenzoic acid neutralization
Benzoic acid neutralizationC₆H₅COOH + NaOH → C₆H₅COONa + H₂O
Applicable situations: Aqueous phase acid-base reaction
Carboxylic acid is converted into carboxylate, solubility and ionization degree change with pH.
Extended reading · OpenStax Organic Chemistry ↗