Newton’s second law

symbols, variables and units

F: force (N); m: mass (kg); a: acceleration (m/s²).

applicable conditions and boundaries

Inertial reference frame, constant mass, non-relativistic speed.

formula source code

The following is a copyable LaTeX expression.

\sum\mathbf F=m\mathbf a

Reference and Extended Learning

is organized according to model definition and assumptions. Please check actual conditions and original literature before engineering, research and clinical use.