pH definition
expresses acidity and alkalinity using the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion activity.
symbols, variables and units
a_H+: dimensionless activity relative to the standard state; pH: dimensionless.
applicable conditions and boundaries
Only dilute solutions can approximately replace activity with concentration; temperature affects equilibrium.
formula source code
The following is a copyable LaTeX expression.
\mathrm{pH}=-\log_{10}a_{\mathrm H^+}Reference and Extended Learning
OpenStax · Chemistry 2e ↗is organized according to model definition and assumptions. Please check actual conditions and original literature before engineering, research and clinical use.
pHacid-base