Astronomy & Aerospace formula — definition, units and applicable conditions

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Astronomy & Aerospace

Kepler orbital period

T=2\pi\sqrt{\frac{a^3}{\mu}}

uses the semi-major axis of the elliptical orbit to determine the motion period of the two bodies.

Astronomy & Aerospace

v^2=\mu\left(\frac2r-\frac1a\right)

Find the velocity based on the orbital position and semi-major axis.

Astronomy & Aerospace

\Delta v=v_e\ln\frac{m_0}{m_f}

Estimates the velocity increment obtained by the mass ratio of an ideal rocket.

Astronomy & Aerospace

v_e=\sqrt{\frac{2GM}{r}}

gives the initial velocity required to escape from an isolated spherically symmetric object at radius r.